托福阅读遭遇文章有术语词汇怎么办?

2020-07-13

托福阅读遭遇文章有术语词汇怎么办?备考需提前了解这3类热点话题专用词,小编给大家带来了备考需提前了解这3类热点话题专用词,希望能够帮助到大家,下面小编就和大家分享,来欣赏一下吧。

托福阅读遭遇文章有术语词汇怎么办?备考需提前了解这3类热点话题专用词

提升托福阅读词汇要按照话题频率

虽然托福阅读文章选材类型众多,但其中大部分文章的阅读难度还是比较低的,而生词出现较为集中的文章也有迹可循。考生只要重点准备一些应对这类话题的词汇,在小编看来就能较为有效地解决阅读考试中遇到生词的问题。当然,对于学术性很强的专业词汇,一方面大家在记忆时也不用像记住其他核心词汇那样深度背诵,只要能够确保基本的辨识就可以了;另一方面如果词汇专业性太强,托福文章本身也会给出解释,一般以同位语形式直接紧跟在生词之后,或者以比较明显的方式在同段落的其它位置提供说明。所以,大家只需要适当记忆一些常见生词话题的术语词汇就可以了。

托福阅读3大话题常见词汇汇总分析

那么,托福阅读哪些话题的文章比较容易出现较多生词需要考生记忆呢?小编总结下来主要有这3类:

1. 气候生态环境类话题

这类话题因为如今见诸报端较多,涉及到濒危动物保护或者环境问题,所以是托福阅读话题中的常客,考生经常可以在做各类练习真题以及考试中遇到。而这个话题对应的词汇,比如unpredictable无法预测的,range幅度,extinction灭绝,endangered濒危,tropical热带,jungle丛林,equatorial赤道等等,大家都需要有所了解,收集好相关词汇。

2. 人类历史及考古学话题

这个话题最近几年也颇为受到托福考试 的话题,选取自这个话题的托福阅读文章层出不穷。特别是涉及到历史的话题,具体文章内容实在太多,比如人类文化变迁,古代人类生活习惯等等。而一旦出现这种话题,很多相关词汇也常会让考生觉得头疼,毕竟对这类话题感兴趣的同学实在算不上多。这些词汇请大家适当了解一下:relics遗迹,remains遗迹,mausoleum陵墓,handicraft工艺品,territorial领土,civilization文明。

3. 地理天文学话题

这个话题因为比较生僻,一直以来都被托福考试拿来作为为难考生性质的文章。这类文章即使是看中文也往往很难理解,因此考生的答题正确率和完成度都是明显比较低的。有鉴于此,小编希望大家能够重点积累话题相关的词汇,以提升对文章的理解能力。常见词汇有:volcano火山,layer 岩层,karst喀斯特地形,permeable可渗透,meteo陨石,asteroid小行星等等。

对于以上这些话题相关的词汇,小编建议大家能够重点准备。假如在备考中遇到涉及这些话题的文章,也希望大家能够认真研究看懂,特别是其中出现的一些词汇需要收集以后做简单记忆,如此才能确保在托福考试中不会因为遇到陌生话题的文章而影响理解和解题。

托福阅读高难度文章长难句实例解析:岩石艺术研究人员的描述术语

托福阅读100个长难句实例分析

原句案例:

The frequency with which certain simple motifs appear in these oldest sites
has led rock-art researchers to adopt a descriptive term—the Panaramitee style—a
label which takes its name from the extensive rock pavements at Panaramitee
North indesert South Australia, which are covered with motifs pecked into the
surface.

词汇讲解:

motif /m??'ti?f/ n. 装饰的图案或式样;(音乐的)乐旨,(文学的)主题.

term n. 术语

peck /pek/ v. <鸟>以喙啄

结构划分:

The frequency (with which certain simple motifs appear in these oldest sites)
has led rock-art researchers to adopt a descriptive term—the Panaramitee
style—alabel (which takes its name from the extensive rock pavements at
Panaramitee North in desertSouth Australia),(which are covered with motifs
pecked into the surface.)

深度分析:

这个句子的主干:The frequency has led rock-art researchers to adopt a descriptive
term

注意这里的lead...to短语

修饰一:(with which certain simple motifs appear in these oldest sites) ,从句,修饰the
frequency

中文:一些简单图案出现在这些最古老遗址上

修饰二:(which takes its name from the extensive rock pavements at Panaramitee
North in desert South Australia) ,从句修饰a label,注意这个从句里面还有两个介词短语:

which takes its name (from the extensive rock pavements)(at Panaramitee North
in desert South Australia)

(from the extensive rock pavements) ,来自宽广的岩石路面

(at Panaramitee North in desert South Australia),在澳大利亚南部沙漠Panaramitee
North

中文:取名于在澳大利亚南部沙漠Panaramitee North宽广的岩石路面

修饰三:(which are covered with motifs pecked into the surface.) ,从句,修饰rock
pavements,注意这个从句里面还有个非谓语动词:

which are covered with motifs (pecked into the surface.)

(pecked into the surface.),刻进路面

中文:这些路面被刻进表面的图案所覆盖

参考翻译:

一些简单图案出现在这些最古老遗址上的频率使得岩石艺术研究人员采用了一个描述性的术语——Panaramitee风格——这个称号取名于在澳大利亚南部沙漠Panaramitee
North宽广的岩石路面,这些路面被刻进表面的图案所覆盖。

托福阅读高难度文章长难句实例解析:暗箱设备产生图像的方式

托福阅读100个长难句实例分析

原句案例:

The images produced by the camera obscura, a boxlike device that used a
pinhole or lens to throw an image onto a ground-glass screen or a piece of white
paper,were already familiar—the device had been much employed by topographical
artists like the Italian painter Canaletto in his detail ed
views of the city of Venice.

词汇讲解:

camera obscura n. 暗箱

pinhole n. 小孔,针孔

topographical /?t?p?'ɡr?fik?l/ adj. 地形上的,地形学的

结构划分:

The images (produced by the camera obscura), (a boxlike device) (that used a
pinhole or lens to throw an image onto a ground-glass screen or a piece of white
paper), were already familiar—the device had been much employed (bytopographical
artists) (like the Italian painter Canaletto) (in his detailed views of the city
of Venice).

深度分析:

这个句子的主干就是The images were already familiar

本句中的断句请特别注意一下,主语和谓语被非谓语动词以及从句隔开了。

修饰一:(produced by the camera obscura) ,非谓语动词,修饰the images

中文:由暗箱所产生的

修饰二:(a boxlike device) ,同位语

中文:盒装设备

修饰三:(that used a pinhole or lens to throw an image onto a ground-glass screen
or a piece of white paper) ,从句,修饰a boxlike device)

中文:用一个小孔或透镜把一张图像投射到一块毛玻璃或一张纸上

修饰四:(by topographical artists) ,介词短语

中文:通过地形艺术家

修饰五:(like the Italian painter Canaletto),介词短语

中文:像意大利画家Canaletto

修饰六:(in his detailed views of the city of Venice),介词短语

中文:在详细呈现威尼斯风景时

参考翻译:

由暗箱(一种盒装设备,用一个小孔或透镜把一张图像投射到一块毛玻璃或一张纸上)所产生的图像已经很熟悉了——这种设备已经被地形艺术家使用,例如意大利画家Canaletto在详细呈现威尼斯风景时使用了这种设备。

托福阅读高难度文章长难句实例解析:全新快拍摄影证实科学结果

托福阅读100个长难句实例分析

原句案例:

The new candid photography—unposed pictures that were made when the subjects
were unaware that their pictures were being taken—confirmed these scientific
results, and at the same time, thanks to the radical cropping (trimming) of
images that the camera often imposed, suggested new compositional formats.

词汇讲解:

candid photography n. 快拍摄影

subject n. 对象

radical /'r?d?kl/ adj. 根本的,基本的,彻底的

crop v. 剪短

impose /?m'p??z/ v. 将某事物强加於

compositional adj. 组成的

结构划分:

The new candid photography—(unposed pictures) (that were made) (when the
subjects were unaware) (that their pictures were being taken)—confirmed these
scientific results, and (at the same time), (thanks to the radical cropping
(trimming) of images)(that the camera often imposed), suggested new
compositional formats.

深度分析:

这个句子主干:

The new candid photography confirmed these scientific results and suggested
new compositional formats.

修饰一:(unposed pictures) ,非谓语动词,修饰The new candid photography

中文:没有摆拍的照片

修饰二:(that were made) ,从句,修饰unposed pictures

中文:被拍

修饰三:(when the subjects were unaware) ,从句

中文:当对象没有意识到

修饰四:(that their pictures were beingtaken),从句

中文:他们正在被拍

修饰五:(at the same time) ,介词短语

中文:同时

修饰六:(thanks to the radical cropping(trimming) of images) ,介词短语

中文:由于对于图像彻底的裁剪

修饰七:(that the camera often imposed) ,从句

中文:相机经常自带有

参考翻译:

这种新的快拍摄影——在对象没有意识到他们正在被拍时,没有摆拍的照片——证实了这些科学结果,与此同时,由于相机经常自带对于图像彻底的裁剪,表明了新的构图方式。

托福阅读高难度文章长难句实例解析:人的思维形成认知流动性

托福阅读100个长难句实例分析

原句案例:

It is archaeologist Steven Mithen's thesis, brilliantly developed in his book
The Prehistory of
the Mind (1996), that approximately 40,000 years ago the human mind developed
cognitive fluidity, that is, the integration of the specializations of the mind:
technical, natural history (geared to understanding the behavior and
distribution of natural resources), social intelligence, and the linguistic
capacity.

词汇讲解:

archaeologist /?ɑ:ki'?l?d?ist/ n. 考古学家

cognitive /?k?ɡnitiv/ adj. 认知的

fluidity /flu:'id?ti/ n. 流动性

integration /?nt?'gre??(?)n/ n. 整合,熔合

gear /g??/ v. 调整,适用于

结构划分:

It is archaeologist Steven Mithen's thesis, (brilliantly developed in his
book The Prehistory of the Mind (1996)), (that approximately 40,000 years ago
the human mind developed cognitive fluidity), (that is), (the integration of the
specializations of the mind: technical, natural history (geared to understanding
the behavior and distribution of natural resources), social intelligence, and
the linguistic capacity. )

深度分析:

这个句子的主干就是It is archaeologist Steven Mithen's thesis+后面的同位语从句,断句要注意,中间被非谓语动词
(brilliantly developed in his book The Prehistory of the Mind (1996))隔开了

修饰一:(brilliantly developed in his bookThe Prehistory of the Mind (1996))
,非谓语动词,修饰thesis

中文:在他的书《The Prehistory of the Mind》(1996)中完美形成

修饰二:(that approximately 40,000 years ago the human mind developed cognitive
fluidity) ,从句,解释thesis

中文:大约四万年前,人的思维形成了认知流动性

修饰三:(that is) ,插入语

中文:那就是

修饰四:(the integration of the specializations of the mind: technical, natural
history (geared to understanding the behavior and distribution of natural
resources), social intelligence, and the linguistic capacity. ) ,同位语,解释cognitive
fluidity。

其中还有一个非谓语动词(geared to understanding the behavior and distribution of natural
resources),修饰history

中文:即思想专业化的融合:技术、自然历史(用于去理解自然资源的运转和分配)、社会智力以及语言能力。

参考翻译:

考古学家Steven Mithen的命题——这在他的书《The Prehistory of the
Mind》(1996)中完美形成——认为:大约四万年前,人的思维形成了认知流动性,即思想专业化的融合:技术、自然历史(用于去理解自然资源的运转和分配)、社会智力以及语言能力。



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