GRE填空的必备常识

2020-08-22

GRE填空的有哪些必备常识?你都知道了吗?快来一起学习吧,下面小编就和大家分享,来欣赏一下吧。

GRE填空的必备常识

在GRE
verbal每个section的38道题当中,填空题占了7道题。和中国学生感觉头疼的阅读部分比起来,填空是一个相对容易在短时间内提高成绩的部分。对于只想考个合格的分数的学生来说,做对5道题就可以了。

★ 每个section的正确率想要稳定在五个左右,词汇是基础,记住GRE词汇书上的百分之八、九十的词汇之前,谈正确率是没有意义的。

★ 解题技巧多少有些帮助,但不能指望阅读能力奇差的人单凭前人总结的经验技巧就能考到一个够用的分数。


如果想要每个section的正确率总是稳定在六个以上,那需要你的实力(这需要很好的阅读理解能力和清晰的逻辑头脑)而不是什么技巧。考个够用的分数还有些技巧,考高分一般说来是没什么技巧的。

★ GRE填空题是GRE general test的一部分。general
test是对所有不同专业的学生进行的考试,所以为了公平起见,解题点上不能涉及任何背景知识(尽管在句子内容上涉及了大量唬人的背景知识)。因为GRE
填空属于语文考试,所以不管填空句的内容涉及到的是什么,在考试中你需要的仅仅是语文知识而已。


先大致地分析推理,猜出应该填什么词(或仅仅猜出应该填什么样的词)之后再看选项,不要直接把选项带入读。这样做通常能够躲掉干扰选项的误导。因为大部分的干扰选项具有这样的特征:你看到它之前很难想到它,但是一旦你看到它,就觉得它好像也很对。

★ 先读句子的主干结构是良好的解题习惯(虽然解题并不一定要读出句子的主干)

就这几招:

1.根据关键词汇来判断语言上的基本逻辑关系

因果、(because, in that, for, therefore, thus, accordingly, consequently,
given, hence, so…that, so...as to, if…then, when...then, as long
as……)转折、(albeit, although, though, but, despite, even though, however, in spite
of, nevertheless, nonetheless, notwithstanding, while, whatever, regardless,
even if, even though, yet, and yet……)递进、(even, indeed………)对比、(in contrast, on the
contrary, far from, on the other hand, rather than, instead of, not…but,
paradoxically, ironically, surprisingly, unexpectedly, curiously……)等等。

2.寻找句子中的重复关系

作为研究生院入学的参考考试,也许是为了体现内容有深度,很多句子涉及到了各个学科的背景知识。同时基于对所有学科学生都要公平的原则,所有的题目在解题点上都不涉及背景知识。为了做到这一点,很多时候ETS都是把答案放到句子中,然后用语言上的线索提示你去把它找出来。以下是提供重复线索的几种常见形式:

(1) 简单的直接重复

The eradication of pollution is not merely a matter of ___, though the
majestic beauty of nature is indeed an important consideration.

A. economics B. legislation C. cleanliness D. aesthetics E. restoration

尽管大自然的美确实很重要,但污染的消除不仅是什么问题,当然不仅是美的问题。

Comparatively few rock musicians are willing to laugh at themselves,
although a hint of----can boost sales of video clips very nicely.

A. self-deprecation B. congeniality C. cynicism D. embarrassment E.
self-doubt

摇滚乐手很少自嘲,尽管什么东西能促进录像短片的销售,当然就填自嘲。

Melodramas, which presented stark oppositions between innocence and
criminality, virtue and corruption, good and evil, were popular precisely
because they offered the audience a world ___of___.

A. bereft.. theatricality B. composed.. adversity C. full..
circumstantiality D. deprived.. polarity

E. devoid.. neutrality

Melodramas这个词不认识也没关系,既然它表现的是无辜与罪行、道德与堕落、善与恶之间的刻板对立,那么它提供给观众什么样的世界呢?当然是刻板对立的世界,只有E选项符合要求。

(2) 解释型重复

The Muses are___deities: they avenge themselves without mercy on those who
weary of their charms.

A. rueful B. ingenuous C. solicitous D. vindictive E. dispassionate

冒号后面的内容就是正确选项D这个词的释义,所以不知道缪斯是什么东西也能轻松选对。

Unenlightened authoritarian managers rarely recognize a crucial reason for
the low levels of serious conflict among members of democratically run work
groups: a modicum of tolerance for dissent often prevents___.

A. demur B. schism C. cooperation D. compliance E. shortsightedness

冒号后面的内容解释了民主方式运作的工作团体中为何少有严重的冲突,所以即使看不懂a modicum of

tolerance for dissent是什么东西,也应该知道这个东西避免了严重冲突,故选B。

(3) 根据语法结构推断重复:

The valedictory address, as it has developed in American colleges and
universities over the years, has become a very strict form, a literary ___ that
permits very little ___.

A. text.. clarity B. work.. tradition C. genre.. deviation

D. oration.. grandiloquence E. achievement.. rigidity

a literary ___ that permits very little ___. 是前面的a very strict
form的同位语,所以第一空格填form的同义或近义词,that permits very little___.
这个从句完成后应为strict的同义或近义词。

Many more eighteenth-century novels were written by women than by men, but
this dominance has, until very

recently, been regarded merely as ___ fact, a bit of arcane knowledge noted
only by bibliographers.

A. a controversial B. a statistical C. an analytical D. an explicit E. an
unimpeachable

这道题同样,a bit of arcane knowledge noted only by bibliographers.是前面的___
fact的同义重复,所以空格应填入文献学家关注的事实,已知的五个选项里显然只有B选项的statistical(统计的)是文献学家的份内工作。

(4) 凭借具有指示作用的形容词或代词来寻找重复

Longdale and Stern discovered that mitochondria and chloroplasts ___ a
long, identifiable sequence of DNA; such a coincidence could be ___ only by the
transfer of DNA between the two systems.

A. manufacture.. accomplished B. reveal.. repeated C. exhibit..
determined

D. share.. explained E. maintain.. contradicted

下半句的such a
coincidence说明第一空格的动词填入后应体现为是一种巧合,两个看不懂是什么的、只知道是不一样的东西(非相关专业的绝大部分学生是不太可能认识mitochondria和chloroplasts这两个词的)怎样了一个长的、可以认为是一模一样的DNA序列就是一个巧合呢?当然只有D的
share表示了这个意思。

Laws do not ensure social order since laws can always be ___ , which makes
them ___ unless the authorities have the will and the power to detect and punish
wrongdoing.

A. contested.. provisional B. circumvented.. antiquated C. repealed..
vulnerable

D. violated.. ineffective E. modified.. unstable

Which指代逗号前面的那句话,也就是“法律不保障社会秩序”,这就使得法律怎样呢?当然只有D选项的ineffective符合句意。

3. 对于含义晦涩的句子,判断语气或感情色彩是有效地解决方法,有时候甚至是唯一的方法。

Johnson never ___ to ignore the standards of decent conduct mandated by
company policy if ___ compliance with instructions from his superiors enabled
him to do so, whatever the effects on his subordinates.

A. deigned.. tacit B. attempted.. halfhearted C. intended.. direct

D. scrupled.. literal E. wished.. feigned

这句话对于英语阅读能力较差的学生来说,通过正常的阅读理解来做还是有些难度的。但是如果注意到whatever the effects on his
subordinates(无论对下级产生什么影响)的语气,就可以判断第一空格填入后应表示johnson干的不是什么好事,唯一符合这一判断的是D选项。

Ironically, the party leaders encountered no greater ___ their efforts to
build a progressive party than the ___ of the progressives already elected to
the legislature.

A. support for.. advocacy B. threat to.. promise C. benefit from..
success

D. obstacle to.. resistance E. praise for.. reputation

如果知道encounter的正确用法,就可以判断第一空格应填入一个负面色彩的词,这样就轻松排除了A、C、E三个选项,结合后面的意思来看,只能选D。

Although ___ is usually thought to spring from regret for having done
something wrong, it may be that its origin

is the realization that one's own nature is irremediably ___.

A. contrition.. resilient B. certitude.. confident C.skepticism..
innocent

D. remorse.. flawed E. resignation. frivolous

第二空格被副词irremediably(不可救药地)修饰,根据这个词带出的语气可以判断第二空格应填入一个负面色彩的词,符合这一判断的只有D、
E两个选项。第一空格remorse的意思完全地对应“regret for having done something wrong”,故选D。

Any language is a conspiracy against experience in the sense that it is a
collective attempt to ___ experience by reducing it into discrete parcels.

A. extrapolate B. transcribe C. complicate D. amplify E. manage

这句话如果没有看过相关背景的书籍几乎是不可理解的,但是我们可以通过语气和感情色彩的判断来排除错误的选项,最终剩下一个看不出错的选项,也就是正确选项了。因为语言是对抗经验的阴谋(conspiracy
against),所以空格应填入一个负面色彩的动作,只有C选项(使复杂化、使变得麻烦)和E选项(manage除了中性的经营管理之外,还可以表示负面的操纵控制)符合这一判断。结合方式状语by
reducing(减少、分解、简化)来看,C选项应被排除,最后剩下仍然看不懂句意的E选项就对了。

4.推理判断时注意避免发散思维

Natural selection tends to eliminate genes that cause inherited diseases,
acting most strongly against the most severe diseases; consequently, hereditary
diseases that are ___ would be expected to be very ___, but, surprisingly, they
are not.

A. lethal.. rare B. untreated.. dangerous C. unusual.. refractory

D. new.. perplexing E. widespread.. acute

根据consequently提示的上下因果关系我们可以判断第一空格应填入severe的同义或反义,表示严重或不严重的词只有A选项。B选项表示未曾治疗的,D不用说了。C、E两个选项其实和是否严重没有关系,很多时候干扰选项的设置上利用了我们的习惯思维不缜密的、容易想当然的弱点。很多人会认为不寻常的、很少见的疾病就是严重的,寻常的、随处可见的疾病就是不严重的。但是只要稍微想一下就知道这里面没有任何必然的关系。

Although ___, almost self-effacing in his private life, he displays in his
plays and essays a strong ___ publicity and controversy.

A. conventional.. interest in B. monotonous.. reliance on C. shy.. aversion
toward

D. retiring.. penchant for E. evasive.. impatience with

第二空格根据转折关系显然只能选A、D两个选项,第一空格会有很多人觉得A选项可以选,因为觉得传统的人就是不喜欢抛头露面的,不喜欢与人争吵的。同样只要想想就该知道这里面没有任何必然的关系,并且即便我们中国传统的人真是这样,这里也没说他是中国人。这种干扰选项的设置路数和上一道题的感觉是完全一样的。

Considering how long she had yearned to see Italy, her first reaction was
curiously ___.

A. meditative B. tepid C. categorical D. unoriginal E. insightful

干扰选项的设置和上两道题完全一样,A选项的沉思冥想并不表示她所应具有的高兴振奋的态度的相反,正确选项应为B选项(微温的,缺乏热情或激情的),直接表明了与兴奋激动的态度的相反特征。

5.ETS总是倾向于把词义的对应上最为直接的、形同废话的选项设为正确选项

The hierarchy of medical occupations is in many ways a ___ system; its
strata remain ___ and the practitioners in them have very little vertical
mobility.

A. health.. skilled B. delivery.. basic C. regimental.. flexible

D. training.. inferior E. caste.. intact

医疗职业的等级(hierarchy)在许多方面是一个等级体系(caste system)

The natural balance between prey and predator has been increasingly ___,
most frequently by human intervention.

A. celebrated B. predicted C. observed D. disturbed E. questioned

被掠食者和掠食者之间的自然平衡被人类的干扰(intervention)干扰(disturbed)了

Poe's ___ reviews of contemporary fiction, which often find great merit in
otherwise ___ literary gems, must make us respect his critical judgment in
addition to his well-known literary talent.

A. thorough.. completed B. petulant.. unpopular C. insightful..
unappreciated

D. enthusiastic.. acclaimed E. harsh.. undeserving

爱伦坡有判断力的(insightful)现代小说评论使得我们佩服他的判断力(critical judgment)

Aptly enough, this work so imbued with the notion of changing times and
styles has been constantly ___ over the years, thereby reflecting its own
mutability.

A.appreciated B. emulated C. criticized D. revised E. reprinted

十分恰当的是,这部充满了变迁(changing)的时代、变迁的风格的作品多年以来一直被改变(revise),从而反映了它自身的可变性(mutability)

GRE填空题型解题方法

lly transcends

subtly realizes

Blank (iii)

entirely comprehension

at another level altogether

at odds with his achievement

此题为包含三个空格,但是和例3不同的是它的空格不再是孤立的,而是存在相互的逻辑关系。首先从空格(ii)后的句子可以看出,艺术家对自己的能力是不确定的,是怀疑的,所以空格(ii)应该体现出对“ambitions”的不确信和怀疑,即负面动作。因此,空格(ii)答案为“falls
far short of”。此时,空格(i)应该和空格(ii)体现同样的含义,即“对自己的能力缺乏信心”,因此“healthy
disrespect”为正确答案。空格(iii)则是相对孤立的,由它前面的“however”可以看出,空格(iii)要体现和前面两个空格相对的含义,所以“at
another level altogether”为正确答案。

由上述两个例子可以看出,对于多空多选这样的题目类型,我们在处理的时候更需要关注逻辑关系,其中包括空格和已有成分的逻辑关系,以及空格与空格之间的逻辑关系。

而这些逻辑关系可能通过某些连接词来体现,也可能通过语义场来体现。这一类型题目和现行的GRE填空题相比,更加注重对阅读和逻辑推理能力的测试,它需要考生对每个空格都进行判断和推理,而不会出现目前考试中有时候存在的两个空格只看一个就能解题的弊端。

新GRE填空题型所占的比例和老GRE考试相比明显加大,从18%增加到了50%,即28道题目中有14道是句子填空。可见,ETS正试图通过填空这种考察方式,对考生的语言运用、逻辑推理、以及分析能力进行综合考察。

GRE填空的高频词汇积累

innovate['in?.veit] adj. 创造性的 n. 创新 v. 创新

species['spi:?i:z] n. 物种

highlight['hailait] v. 增强亮度; 强调

enhance[in'hɑ:ns] n. 增强 v. 提高; 增加; 加强

diminish[di'mini?] v. 减少, 缩小

irrelevant[i'rel?v?nt] n. 不相关 adj. 无关系的

pragmatic[pr?g'm?tik] adj. 实用主义的, 务实的

skeptical['skeptik?l] n. 怀疑态度 adj. 多疑的 n. 怀疑论者

superfluous[su'p?:flu?s] adj. 多余的

anomalous[?'n?m?l?s] adj. 反常的

cultural['k?lt??r?l] adj. 文化的

explicit[iks'plisit] adj. 明确的, 旗帜鲜明的 adv. 明确地

undermine[.?nd?'main] v. 破坏; 削弱

predictable[pri'dikt?bl] adv. 可预见地 adj. 可预测的, 预计的

biological[.bai?'l?d?ik?l] adj. 生物的, 生物学的

contradict[.k?ntr?'dikt] v. 与…矛盾

creation[kr?'e??n] n. 创造

intrigue[in'tri:g] v. 激起…的兴趣、 欲望或好奇心

ironically[ai'r?nikli] adv. 讽刺地 adj. 讽刺的

random['r?nd?m] adj. 任意的, 随机的 n. 随机性 adv. 随便地

realistic[ri?'listik] adj. 现实的 adv. 现实地

suppress[s?'pres] v. 压制, 制止

acknowledge[?k'n?lid?] v. 承认

paradox[?p?r?d?ks] n. 似非而是的论点, 自相矛盾的话 adv. 自相矛盾地 adj. 自相矛盾的

constitute['k?nstitju:t] v. 构成

cynicism['sinisiz?m] n. 愤世嫉俗 adj. 愤世嫉俗的 n. 愤世嫉俗者

disdain[dis'dein] v. 蔑视

diversity[dai'v?:siti] n. 多样性

inherent[in'hi?r?nt] adj. 内在的 adv. 本质上地

repudiate[ri'pju:dieit] v. 放弃; 否认

selective[si'lektiv] adj. 选择性的 adv. 有选择地 n. 选择性

adolescent[.?d?'lesnt] adj. 青春期的, 青少年的 n. 青少年

belie[bi'lai] v. 证明(某事)错误

cautious['k?:??s] adj. 小心的, 谨慎的

controversial[.k?ntr?'v?:??l] adj. 有争议的 n. 争论

crucial['kru:??l] adj. 关键的

deliberate[di'lib?rit] adj. 故意的 adv. 故意地 v. 仔细考虑, 权衡

economics[.i:k?'n?miks] n. 经济学

idiosyncratic[.idi?si?'kr?tik] adj. 有特点的 adv. 个性地

insight['in.sait] n. 洞察力; 见识; 深刻的理解 adj. 有深刻见解的

intimidate[in'tim?.deit] n. 恐吓, 威胁 v. 恐吓

intuition[.intju:'i??n] adj. 直觉的 n. 直觉 adj. 直觉的

minimal['min?m?l] adj. 最小的 v. 将…减到最少

nurture['n?:t??] v. 养育

opposition[.?p?'zi??n] n. 反对, 对立

historian[his't?:ri?n] n. 历史学家

plausible['pl?:z?bl] adj. 似乎正确的, 似乎可信的

profound[pr?'faund] adj. 极度的 adv. 深刻地

sporadic[sp?'r?dik] adj. 偶尔发生的, 间或出现的

whereas[hw??r'?z] conj. 但是

ambivalent[?m'biv?l?nt] adj. 矛盾的 n. 矛盾心理

discredit[dis'kredit] v. 使怀疑; 败坏…的名声

disinterested[dis'int?ristid] adj. 公平的 n. 公正无私

disparage[di'sp?rid?] v. 鄙视 n. 轻蔑

distinctive[di'sti?ktiv] adj. 独特的

distort[dis't?:t] v. 扭曲

assumption[?'s?mp??n] n. 假设

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